Politicians Justify Spending on the London Olympic Games as Being Good Essay

Politicians Justify Spending on the London Olympic Games as Being Good for the Economy - Essay Example With the onset of the games, government officials are declaring that the games would be good for the economy and justify spending because of the benefits which the games can bring to the city and the country in general. This paper shall explain the various justifications being made for the spending on the London Olympic Games. Body In general, the Olympic Games is a major sports event which has a significant scale and can potentially bring about economic developments for the host city or for the host country as a whole. The games usually unfolds for a few weeks only however, the preparations for the games usually takes place months, even years before the event and would require considerable investments from the government and the private sector. Its impact on the economy soon after the games can also be significant and sustainable for years after the event (Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 2004). This potential can also be seen with the London Olympics. The exact economic impact of the Olymp ic Games to the host country or city is spread out over years and is seen in three stages – before, during, and after the games. ... During the games, economic activities within the city would also increase through the tourists and through the athletes attending the games. Finally, after the games, the Olympic legacy potentially would keep drawing in more tourists and investors because of the infrastructures and the other attraction which the city can now offer (Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 2004). Tourism is one of the major benefits of the Olympics, one which can be seen before, during, and after the games. The Olympics provide a special avenue which draws local and foreign tourists to the city. Visitors who are involved in the games, including the athletes, coaches, and other team officials, as well as the spectators, media, and sponsors are to be accommodated within the city (Booth, 2009). The promotion of the games would also draw in the tourists due to the media exposure and enhanced international reputation. The visitors would start to trickle in within a few months from the games and would swell to bigger numbe rs during the games. Therefore, the Olympics can sustain the city’s economy for several years after the Games (London Development Agency, 2008). Tourists can increase demands on the regional and local economy with visitors spending money on food, accommodations, transportation, and tickets for the Games. The revenues from the media broadcast and sponsors will also accrue to the city; and the IOC would generally profit from these revenues (Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 2004). Secondary effects would also be seen with money being spent within the host country. This is known as the multiplier effect where additional activities and employment opportunities related to the games are made

Reinforcement Theory Essay Example for Free

Reinforcement Theory Essay Q# 1: Identify the practices of organization that are indicating the application of reinforcement theory? Answer 1. Focus on proper training before giving task to the employees 2. Monitoring the performance of employees. 3. Formulation of procedures, rules and regulations in detail. 4. Strictness in compliance of rules. Q# 2: You are required to suggest some measures of positive reinforcement that can be implemented by the management of Crisp Soft restaurant. Answer 1. The manager can start a practice to greet the employees and having pleasant conversation with those who came on time at start of day and conduct a small meeting with staff at closing of day and praised and say thanks those who performed good during the day. These practices will decrease late arrivals and early leaver. 2. The management can start â€Å"Employee of the month† award scheme in which at end of every month letter of appreciation along with small cash price will be give to the employee how performed well during the month. 3. A roll of honor board should be maintained at prominent place in the restaurant where everyone can see it. The pictures of â€Å"Employee of the month† pasted on that board. Q# 3: Assess which level of Maslow’s hierarchy of need the organization is satisfying for lower level staff and managerial level staff? Explain Answer As per Maslow’s hierarchy of need, there are following five levels of human needs: i. Biological Need: The basic requirement for survival of human body e.g. food, water, air and shelter etc. ii. Safety Need: Protection from Cold, Heat, Sand, Storm, Earthquake, Animals, Enemies iii. Social Need: love, acceptance, belonging etc. iv. Self Esteem: Respect, reorganization v. Self Actualization: challenging tasks, In case of lower level workers the Crisp and Soft restaurant management is satisfying level 1 by providing free meal and uniform, paying salaries at reasonable rate and level 2 by making HVAC arrangement for workers. In case of management staff, the restaurant management is trying to satisfying level 3 along with level 1 and 2 also, by providing good salaries (level 1), good working environment (level 2) and membership of social club of restaurant to their staff(level 3) where they can attend get to gathers, family dinners etc.

Situational Influences On Purchasing Behavior :: essays research papers

Running head: Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Abstract There was an investigation in an attempt to understand what situational influences affect purchasing behaviors of consumers. Fifty subjects were asked to complete a survey in determining what attributes affect the decision to purchase a product. The effect of purchase was based on three different times of day: morning, afternoon, and evening. The effect of purchase was also based on whether subjects preferred caffeinated or non-caffeinated soda depending on the time of day. The subjects were asked to rate their preferences on a 5 point rating scale, one being agree and five being disagreed. The results indicated there was a relationship between caffeination and usage situation. Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Why do people shop? How do situational factors influence the decision to purchase certain items? The act of purchase is affected by many factors: mood, time pressures, or even a person’s disposition towards shopping. Time can be seen, as an important factor because it often determines how much effort and search a consumer will put into making a purchasing decision. A person’s mood can be affected by the degree of pleasure or arousal that is present in the store’s atmosphere. Most people tend to base a purchase decision towards a specific occasion; or even the way an individual may feel at a specific point in time can also play a big role in what we feel like purchasing. These factors may cause one to decide more carefully on a purchase. Marketers like to use segmentation strategies when advertising to let buyers know their product will meet a specific need one may be looking towards. Overall, many consumers’ purchase decisions are greatly affected by group s or social settings. The presence of other people around often has a positive influence on one’s purchasing behavior. Consumers look for different product attributes depending on they intend to use their purchase. In an attempt to understand how situational influences affect purchasing behaviors, researchers looked at several different approaches to study consumer behavior. Monroe and Lee (1999) based their research on issues involving the buyers’ processing of price information. Their assumption concerned how prices influence buyers’ purchasing behaviors has been that a consumers already know the prices of products that they consider for purchase, but, they are not able to remember the prices of items they had recently purchased. Overall, what consumers can remember may not always be a good indicator of what they already know.

Why Algebra? :: essays research papers

Why Do We Teach Algebra? Until recent history, mathematics had not been taught to the general population. Only those who were rich, powerful, and/or politically connected were given the opportunity to study math beyond basic counting operations. Many of my junior high students are excited about the prospects of returning to this situation. I have the opportunity to teach remedial math and math study skills courses for a local university. Many of the college students with whom I am involved are going back to school after many years in the work force. Most of them experience a high degree of math anxiety because they have forgotten much of the algebra they learned in school. They've forgotten it because they don't use algebra in their daily lives. In fact, many college students are quite successful in their various programs of study and yet struggle to pass their general algebra requirements. And almost everyone breaks into a cold sweat at the mere mention of the words "story problems". Given th e high anxiety level associated with the subject and the fact that so much of what we learn in algebra is not used by the general population, why is it so important that we teach it? Be honest! When was the last time you needed to factor a polynomial or to find the asymptotes in a rational expression. Unless you must use these ideas in your work, your answer is probably "huh?" Don't get me wrong, I think there are compelling reasons to teach algebra to the general population. The first reason, of course, is utility. We use much of the algebra we've learned every day. For example, the ordering properties of our real number system are the basis for almost all of our comparisons--deciding which cereal is cheaper, alphabetizing lists, etc, etc, etc. Negative numbers are useful in balancing our checkbooks--bummer! Of course, we add, subtract, multiply, and divide practically every day. I could go on and on. Most of the problem solving we do has a mathematical basis. Even "he loves me, he loves me not" is a simple mathematical progression--i.e.1, -1, 1, -1,... Another reason we should learn algebra is to enhance our pattern recognition skills. Pattern recognition is an important problem solving skill. If I can make a problem match a similar previously solved pattern, then the current problem is solved. This is a powerful tool. So powerful, in fact, that a mathematician’s work is more involved with determining whether a solution exists than actually finding the solution.

The making of Doctor Zhivago

Arguably one of the most famous epic films of the last fifty years, David Lean’s 1965 adaptation of Boris Pasternak’s novel Doctor Zhivago still continues to garner acclaim world-wide and was recently voted number thirty-nine in the recent AFI (American Film Institute) poll of the best hundred films of all time (‘100 films, 100 years’ www. AFI. com ), yet the road to the silver screen was not a smooth one.That the novel itself was ever published is the result of both luck, determination and civil disobedience. Semi-autobiographical in nature, an attempt perhaps on Pasternak’s behalf to make sense of some of the horrors he witnessed during the Russian Revolution, even though his limp prevented his being called for active service, Pasternak’s own love of art, beauty and poetry and the ability to discover those things even in a land shadowed by tragedy was mirrored in his protagonist Yuri Zhivago.Like Zhivago, Pasternak’s own poetry, while affording him a highly respected reputation also resulted in problems with the politicians of the day, with his 1932 autobiographical poem ‘Spectorsky’ resulting in accusations of anti-sociability and leading him to concentrate his time thereafter mainly to the translation of foreign playwrights and poets. (Press Book, Doctor Zhivago, Turner Entertainment Co).Although parts of Doctor Zhivago were written during the revolution, and also into the 1920s (Wikipedia) it was not until 1954 that the completed novel was to be ready for publication, originally submitted to (and declined by) the Russian journal Novyi mir, the manuscript was smuggled out of the country in 1957 by the Italian publisher Giacomo Feltrinelli , who despite receiving orders form the communist Russian government to return the manuscript unprinted, published the novel in Russian, with English and Italian translations appearing the following year.Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 195 8, but like his hero Zhivago, could not conceive of leaving his beloved Russia and so, due to the communist principles of the ruling state was forced to decline his prize, explaining ‘I am bound to Russia by my birth, my life and my work. For me to leave my country would be to die. ’ (Press Book, Doctor Zhivago, Turner Entertainment Co). Pasternak was to die just two years later, eighteen years before his magnum opus was be published in his home nation.Acclaimed British film director David Lean, known for such masterpieces as ‘The Bridge Over the River Kwai’ and ‘Lawrence Of Arabia’ saw in Pasternak’s story more than simply a story about the Russian revolution, but a highly complex love story, what he himself termed as ‘†¦the drama, the horror, the turbulence of the Revolution simply provides the canvas against which is told a moving and highly personal love story. ’ (Press Book, Doctor Zhivago, Turner Entertainment Co) .With an estimated budget of eleven million dollars, filming took place between December 1964 and October 1965 with a principle cast including Omar Sharif, Julie Christie, Geraldine Chaplin, Tom Courtenyy and Rod Stieger. (IMDb) The press book for the film claims that over a six month period, around 780 men, including 120 carpenters were responsible for transforming a ten acre area of the Madrid suburb of Canillas into an accurate representation of Revolutionary Moscow.Filming for the demonstration scene, and the revolutionary chanting accompanying it was said to have been so convincing that local residents at first thought that the demonstration was real and that Spanish Dictator Generalissimo Franco had been deposed, leading to subsequent filming of the scene to be closely monitored by the police. (IMDb)The two other most famous locations in the film could be said to be the ‘ice palace’ at Varakyno which in reality was fashioned from a specially formed type of wax and the snowy plains of Finland doubling for the Russian Steppes, shown during the long train journey which lead in turn to one of the film industries most famous urban legends – namely that a stuntwoman fell under the train during filming, losing both of her legs. (Snopes.com) In reality though, although she did indeed fall, and was injured, the injuries were not severe and she returned three weeks later to re-shoot the scene. Above all else though, what is remembered about the film itself is the love triangle of three ordinary people just trying to make sense of love, life and the terrible times they are living in and although the premise of the film itself is in no way a happy one, it stands as a testament to the endurance of the human spirit.References: Doctor Zhivago Special Edition 2 disc DVD (Warner Home Video) IMDb – The Internet Movie Database – http://www. imdb. com Wikipedia – http://www. en. wikipedia. org Press Book, Doctor Zhivago, Turner Enter tainment Co – From the BFI (British Film Institute) http://lean. bfi. org. uk/material. php? theme=1&type=Press%20Book&title=zhivago&folder=dr_zhivago_1&fcount=2 American Film Institute (AFI) http://www. AFI. com Snopes. com – http://www. snopes. com

Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Essays

Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Essays Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Paper Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Paper A great fraction of people on the planet play a sport. Most people prefer to play a team sport to satisfy their needs and for many social reasons. However, although running is not a team sport, it is the best sport out there. Running is the best sport ever because its a way to keep your body in shape, it gives you a great rush after youre finished and because it improves your health. Running is the best sport because it is a great way to keep your body in shape. The sport keeps you up and owing, when commitment is shown. Instead of being a couch potato and watching television every night, a scheduled routine for a daily run could be substituted. Not many people see running as a workout, but It Is. A short, 20 minute easy run can already burn 250 calories. If running becomes a regular activity, those workouts can lead to tremendous changes In weight. Lastly, running Is a great way to train for other sports such as soccer, hockey, baseball, and even basketball. Once your body Is use to the fast pace, heavy breathing and an Increased heart rate type of workout, Its owing to be prepared for any other type of activity involving fast pace, heavy breathing and an increased heart rate. In conclusion, running has many ways it can keep your body in shape. In addition to keeping your body in shape, running can give you an exceptional rush once its completed. A run can make you feel like you accomplished something, whether its beating a previous time or Just simply finishing the run. These things can really make you feel confident and put you in a better mood. Running can also clear your mind after a long day. Some people say they lose themselves thinking during their run, which helps them flush out any thoughts in their head. The addition of the great outdoors Is also a way running makes you feel good. Fresh alarm Is proven to relieve stress and Its great for your body. So, running can be the answer to making you feel better and be a way to clear your mind. The fact that running improves your health is another reason why running is the best sport out there. Running has been proven to help lower blood pressure by maintaining the elasticity of the arteries. As a person runs, his or her arteries expand and contract more than usual, keeping the arteries elastic and the blood pressure low. Running also helps maximize the lungs potential, as it keeps them strong and powerful. While deep breaths force the lungs to use more tissue, the 50% of normally unused lung potential is utilized. Finally, running strengthens the heart and helps prevent heart attacks. The large muscle exercise helps keep the cardiac system efficient and strong. In fact, the heart of an Inactive person beats 36,000 more times ACH day than that of a runner, as running keep the arteries open and the blood flowing smoothly. Therefore, running Is a way to Improve your blood pressure, lung potential and strengthen your heart. In the end, there are many factors that contribute to making running the best sport ever. Keeping you In snaps, Glenn you an exceptional Russ Ana Tanat Its a way to improve your health is why running is such an amazing, world-wide sport. So when thinking about playing another sport, consider running, as it can change your life forever.

Teece Model of Innovation Essays

Teece Model of Innovation Essays Teece Model of Innovation Paper Teece Model of Innovation Paper Innovation is a process to bring new ideas, new methods or new products to an organization. It is the action required to create new ideas, processes or products which when implemented lead to positive effective change. While invention requires the creation of new ideas, processes or products, innovation moves one step further and requires implementation of the inventive act. Innovation also implies a value system which seeks to derive a positive outcome from the inventive act. For example, actions which lead to a negative performance metric would not be considered innovative, even if they met the requirements of novelty and enabling actions. THE TEECE MODEL OF INNOVATION: David Teece clarified that two factors imitability and complementary assets will have a strong influence in determining who will ultimately profit from an innovation. Imitability refers to how easily competitors can copy or duplicate the technology or process underpinning the innovation. There are many examples of barriers a company could use to protect itself from imitation, including intellectual property rights, complex internal routines or tacit knowledge. Complementary assets are equally important. They include any activity that gravitates around the core innovation such as distribution channels, reputation, marketing capabilities, strategic alliances, customer relationships, licensing agreements, among others. Analyzing the two dimensions the theory concludes that if imitability is high and complementary assets are freely available or unimportant it will be difficult to make money out of the innovation (exceptions can be made at the very short run). If instead complementary assets are tightly held and important and imitability is once again high, the holder of such assets will be the one profiting on the innovation, independently of who developed it. If imitability is low the innovator will find himself in a much better position. When complementary assets are not controlled by other economic actors he will be able to collect most of the profits being generated. When, on the other hand, complementary assets are important and tightly held negotiation will take place, profits will be shared in proportion to bargaining power of the parts involved. The Teece model can be used not only to predict who will profit from an innovation but also to understand what company will have higher incentives to invest in certain innovations. The major flaw one can find in this theory is the lack of empirical evidence, which results from the difficulty to isolate the imitability and the complementarily effects from other factors. EXAMPLE: Consider the case of RC Cola, it was the first firm to introduce a diet cola on the market, but since it could not protect itself from imitation soon Pepsi and Coca-Cola jumped in, and using their complementary assets (distribution channels, brand name, etc. ) they appropriated all the profits of the segment. Another example is herbal toothpaste which was first introduced by vico vajradanti but later colgate entered in herbal toothpaste market with name colgate herbal and it succeed. References: Innovationzen. com A. Afuah, â€Å" Innovation management†, Oxford university press, 1998, 25.