Politicians Justify Spending on the London Olympic Games as Being Good Essay

Politicians Justify Spending on the London Olympic Games as Being Good for the Economy - Essay Example With the onset of the games, government officials are declaring that the games would be good for the economy and justify spending because of the benefits which the games can bring to the city and the country in general. This paper shall explain the various justifications being made for the spending on the London Olympic Games. Body In general, the Olympic Games is a major sports event which has a significant scale and can potentially bring about economic developments for the host city or for the host country as a whole. The games usually unfolds for a few weeks only however, the preparations for the games usually takes place months, even years before the event and would require considerable investments from the government and the private sector. Its impact on the economy soon after the games can also be significant and sustainable for years after the event (Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 2004). This potential can also be seen with the London Olympics. The exact economic impact of the Olymp ic Games to the host country or city is spread out over years and is seen in three stages – before, during, and after the games. ... During the games, economic activities within the city would also increase through the tourists and through the athletes attending the games. Finally, after the games, the Olympic legacy potentially would keep drawing in more tourists and investors because of the infrastructures and the other attraction which the city can now offer (Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 2004). Tourism is one of the major benefits of the Olympics, one which can be seen before, during, and after the games. The Olympics provide a special avenue which draws local and foreign tourists to the city. Visitors who are involved in the games, including the athletes, coaches, and other team officials, as well as the spectators, media, and sponsors are to be accommodated within the city (Booth, 2009). The promotion of the games would also draw in the tourists due to the media exposure and enhanced international reputation. The visitors would start to trickle in within a few months from the games and would swell to bigger numbe rs during the games. Therefore, the Olympics can sustain the city’s economy for several years after the Games (London Development Agency, 2008). Tourists can increase demands on the regional and local economy with visitors spending money on food, accommodations, transportation, and tickets for the Games. The revenues from the media broadcast and sponsors will also accrue to the city; and the IOC would generally profit from these revenues (Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 2004). Secondary effects would also be seen with money being spent within the host country. This is known as the multiplier effect where additional activities and employment opportunities related to the games are made

Reinforcement Theory Essay Example for Free

Reinforcement Theory Essay Q# 1: Identify the practices of organization that are indicating the application of reinforcement theory? Answer 1. Focus on proper training before giving task to the employees 2. Monitoring the performance of employees. 3. Formulation of procedures, rules and regulations in detail. 4. Strictness in compliance of rules. Q# 2: You are required to suggest some measures of positive reinforcement that can be implemented by the management of Crisp Soft restaurant. Answer 1. The manager can start a practice to greet the employees and having pleasant conversation with those who came on time at start of day and conduct a small meeting with staff at closing of day and praised and say thanks those who performed good during the day. These practices will decrease late arrivals and early leaver. 2. The management can start â€Å"Employee of the month† award scheme in which at end of every month letter of appreciation along with small cash price will be give to the employee how performed well during the month. 3. A roll of honor board should be maintained at prominent place in the restaurant where everyone can see it. The pictures of â€Å"Employee of the month† pasted on that board. Q# 3: Assess which level of Maslow’s hierarchy of need the organization is satisfying for lower level staff and managerial level staff? Explain Answer As per Maslow’s hierarchy of need, there are following five levels of human needs: i. Biological Need: The basic requirement for survival of human body e.g. food, water, air and shelter etc. ii. Safety Need: Protection from Cold, Heat, Sand, Storm, Earthquake, Animals, Enemies iii. Social Need: love, acceptance, belonging etc. iv. Self Esteem: Respect, reorganization v. Self Actualization: challenging tasks, In case of lower level workers the Crisp and Soft restaurant management is satisfying level 1 by providing free meal and uniform, paying salaries at reasonable rate and level 2 by making HVAC arrangement for workers. In case of management staff, the restaurant management is trying to satisfying level 3 along with level 1 and 2 also, by providing good salaries (level 1), good working environment (level 2) and membership of social club of restaurant to their staff(level 3) where they can attend get to gathers, family dinners etc.

Situational Influences On Purchasing Behavior :: essays research papers

Running head: Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Abstract There was an investigation in an attempt to understand what situational influences affect purchasing behaviors of consumers. Fifty subjects were asked to complete a survey in determining what attributes affect the decision to purchase a product. The effect of purchase was based on three different times of day: morning, afternoon, and evening. The effect of purchase was also based on whether subjects preferred caffeinated or non-caffeinated soda depending on the time of day. The subjects were asked to rate their preferences on a 5 point rating scale, one being agree and five being disagreed. The results indicated there was a relationship between caffeination and usage situation. Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Why do people shop? How do situational factors influence the decision to purchase certain items? The act of purchase is affected by many factors: mood, time pressures, or even a person’s disposition towards shopping. Time can be seen, as an important factor because it often determines how much effort and search a consumer will put into making a purchasing decision. A person’s mood can be affected by the degree of pleasure or arousal that is present in the store’s atmosphere. Most people tend to base a purchase decision towards a specific occasion; or even the way an individual may feel at a specific point in time can also play a big role in what we feel like purchasing. These factors may cause one to decide more carefully on a purchase. Marketers like to use segmentation strategies when advertising to let buyers know their product will meet a specific need one may be looking towards. Overall, many consumers’ purchase decisions are greatly affected by group s or social settings. The presence of other people around often has a positive influence on one’s purchasing behavior. Consumers look for different product attributes depending on they intend to use their purchase. In an attempt to understand how situational influences affect purchasing behaviors, researchers looked at several different approaches to study consumer behavior. Monroe and Lee (1999) based their research on issues involving the buyers’ processing of price information. Their assumption concerned how prices influence buyers’ purchasing behaviors has been that a consumers already know the prices of products that they consider for purchase, but, they are not able to remember the prices of items they had recently purchased. Overall, what consumers can remember may not always be a good indicator of what they already know.

Why Algebra? :: essays research papers

Why Do We Teach Algebra? Until recent history, mathematics had not been taught to the general population. Only those who were rich, powerful, and/or politically connected were given the opportunity to study math beyond basic counting operations. Many of my junior high students are excited about the prospects of returning to this situation. I have the opportunity to teach remedial math and math study skills courses for a local university. Many of the college students with whom I am involved are going back to school after many years in the work force. Most of them experience a high degree of math anxiety because they have forgotten much of the algebra they learned in school. They've forgotten it because they don't use algebra in their daily lives. In fact, many college students are quite successful in their various programs of study and yet struggle to pass their general algebra requirements. And almost everyone breaks into a cold sweat at the mere mention of the words "story problems". Given th e high anxiety level associated with the subject and the fact that so much of what we learn in algebra is not used by the general population, why is it so important that we teach it? Be honest! When was the last time you needed to factor a polynomial or to find the asymptotes in a rational expression. Unless you must use these ideas in your work, your answer is probably "huh?" Don't get me wrong, I think there are compelling reasons to teach algebra to the general population. The first reason, of course, is utility. We use much of the algebra we've learned every day. For example, the ordering properties of our real number system are the basis for almost all of our comparisons--deciding which cereal is cheaper, alphabetizing lists, etc, etc, etc. Negative numbers are useful in balancing our checkbooks--bummer! Of course, we add, subtract, multiply, and divide practically every day. I could go on and on. Most of the problem solving we do has a mathematical basis. Even "he loves me, he loves me not" is a simple mathematical progression--i.e.1, -1, 1, -1,... Another reason we should learn algebra is to enhance our pattern recognition skills. Pattern recognition is an important problem solving skill. If I can make a problem match a similar previously solved pattern, then the current problem is solved. This is a powerful tool. So powerful, in fact, that a mathematician’s work is more involved with determining whether a solution exists than actually finding the solution.

The making of Doctor Zhivago

Arguably one of the most famous epic films of the last fifty years, David Lean’s 1965 adaptation of Boris Pasternak’s novel Doctor Zhivago still continues to garner acclaim world-wide and was recently voted number thirty-nine in the recent AFI (American Film Institute) poll of the best hundred films of all time (‘100 films, 100 years’ www. AFI. com ), yet the road to the silver screen was not a smooth one.That the novel itself was ever published is the result of both luck, determination and civil disobedience. Semi-autobiographical in nature, an attempt perhaps on Pasternak’s behalf to make sense of some of the horrors he witnessed during the Russian Revolution, even though his limp prevented his being called for active service, Pasternak’s own love of art, beauty and poetry and the ability to discover those things even in a land shadowed by tragedy was mirrored in his protagonist Yuri Zhivago.Like Zhivago, Pasternak’s own poetry, while affording him a highly respected reputation also resulted in problems with the politicians of the day, with his 1932 autobiographical poem ‘Spectorsky’ resulting in accusations of anti-sociability and leading him to concentrate his time thereafter mainly to the translation of foreign playwrights and poets. (Press Book, Doctor Zhivago, Turner Entertainment Co).Although parts of Doctor Zhivago were written during the revolution, and also into the 1920s (Wikipedia) it was not until 1954 that the completed novel was to be ready for publication, originally submitted to (and declined by) the Russian journal Novyi mir, the manuscript was smuggled out of the country in 1957 by the Italian publisher Giacomo Feltrinelli , who despite receiving orders form the communist Russian government to return the manuscript unprinted, published the novel in Russian, with English and Italian translations appearing the following year.Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 195 8, but like his hero Zhivago, could not conceive of leaving his beloved Russia and so, due to the communist principles of the ruling state was forced to decline his prize, explaining ‘I am bound to Russia by my birth, my life and my work. For me to leave my country would be to die. ’ (Press Book, Doctor Zhivago, Turner Entertainment Co). Pasternak was to die just two years later, eighteen years before his magnum opus was be published in his home nation.Acclaimed British film director David Lean, known for such masterpieces as ‘The Bridge Over the River Kwai’ and ‘Lawrence Of Arabia’ saw in Pasternak’s story more than simply a story about the Russian revolution, but a highly complex love story, what he himself termed as ‘†¦the drama, the horror, the turbulence of the Revolution simply provides the canvas against which is told a moving and highly personal love story. ’ (Press Book, Doctor Zhivago, Turner Entertainment Co) .With an estimated budget of eleven million dollars, filming took place between December 1964 and October 1965 with a principle cast including Omar Sharif, Julie Christie, Geraldine Chaplin, Tom Courtenyy and Rod Stieger. (IMDb) The press book for the film claims that over a six month period, around 780 men, including 120 carpenters were responsible for transforming a ten acre area of the Madrid suburb of Canillas into an accurate representation of Revolutionary Moscow.Filming for the demonstration scene, and the revolutionary chanting accompanying it was said to have been so convincing that local residents at first thought that the demonstration was real and that Spanish Dictator Generalissimo Franco had been deposed, leading to subsequent filming of the scene to be closely monitored by the police. (IMDb)The two other most famous locations in the film could be said to be the ‘ice palace’ at Varakyno which in reality was fashioned from a specially formed type of wax and the snowy plains of Finland doubling for the Russian Steppes, shown during the long train journey which lead in turn to one of the film industries most famous urban legends – namely that a stuntwoman fell under the train during filming, losing both of her legs. (Snopes.com) In reality though, although she did indeed fall, and was injured, the injuries were not severe and she returned three weeks later to re-shoot the scene. Above all else though, what is remembered about the film itself is the love triangle of three ordinary people just trying to make sense of love, life and the terrible times they are living in and although the premise of the film itself is in no way a happy one, it stands as a testament to the endurance of the human spirit.References: Doctor Zhivago Special Edition 2 disc DVD (Warner Home Video) IMDb – The Internet Movie Database – http://www. imdb. com Wikipedia – http://www. en. wikipedia. org Press Book, Doctor Zhivago, Turner Enter tainment Co – From the BFI (British Film Institute) http://lean. bfi. org. uk/material. php? theme=1&type=Press%20Book&title=zhivago&folder=dr_zhivago_1&fcount=2 American Film Institute (AFI) http://www. AFI. com Snopes. com – http://www. snopes. com

Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Essays

Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Essays Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Paper Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Paper A great fraction of people on the planet play a sport. Most people prefer to play a team sport to satisfy their needs and for many social reasons. However, although running is not a team sport, it is the best sport out there. Running is the best sport ever because its a way to keep your body in shape, it gives you a great rush after youre finished and because it improves your health. Running is the best sport because it is a great way to keep your body in shape. The sport keeps you up and owing, when commitment is shown. Instead of being a couch potato and watching television every night, a scheduled routine for a daily run could be substituted. Not many people see running as a workout, but It Is. A short, 20 minute easy run can already burn 250 calories. If running becomes a regular activity, those workouts can lead to tremendous changes In weight. Lastly, running Is a great way to train for other sports such as soccer, hockey, baseball, and even basketball. Once your body Is use to the fast pace, heavy breathing and an Increased heart rate type of workout, Its owing to be prepared for any other type of activity involving fast pace, heavy breathing and an increased heart rate. In conclusion, running has many ways it can keep your body in shape. In addition to keeping your body in shape, running can give you an exceptional rush once its completed. A run can make you feel like you accomplished something, whether its beating a previous time or Just simply finishing the run. These things can really make you feel confident and put you in a better mood. Running can also clear your mind after a long day. Some people say they lose themselves thinking during their run, which helps them flush out any thoughts in their head. The addition of the great outdoors Is also a way running makes you feel good. Fresh alarm Is proven to relieve stress and Its great for your body. So, running can be the answer to making you feel better and be a way to clear your mind. The fact that running improves your health is another reason why running is the best sport out there. Running has been proven to help lower blood pressure by maintaining the elasticity of the arteries. As a person runs, his or her arteries expand and contract more than usual, keeping the arteries elastic and the blood pressure low. Running also helps maximize the lungs potential, as it keeps them strong and powerful. While deep breaths force the lungs to use more tissue, the 50% of normally unused lung potential is utilized. Finally, running strengthens the heart and helps prevent heart attacks. The large muscle exercise helps keep the cardiac system efficient and strong. In fact, the heart of an Inactive person beats 36,000 more times ACH day than that of a runner, as running keep the arteries open and the blood flowing smoothly. Therefore, running Is a way to Improve your blood pressure, lung potential and strengthen your heart. In the end, there are many factors that contribute to making running the best sport ever. Keeping you In snaps, Glenn you an exceptional Russ Ana Tanat Its a way to improve your health is why running is such an amazing, world-wide sport. So when thinking about playing another sport, consider running, as it can change your life forever.

Teece Model of Innovation Essays

Teece Model of Innovation Essays Teece Model of Innovation Paper Teece Model of Innovation Paper Innovation is a process to bring new ideas, new methods or new products to an organization. It is the action required to create new ideas, processes or products which when implemented lead to positive effective change. While invention requires the creation of new ideas, processes or products, innovation moves one step further and requires implementation of the inventive act. Innovation also implies a value system which seeks to derive a positive outcome from the inventive act. For example, actions which lead to a negative performance metric would not be considered innovative, even if they met the requirements of novelty and enabling actions. THE TEECE MODEL OF INNOVATION: David Teece clarified that two factors imitability and complementary assets will have a strong influence in determining who will ultimately profit from an innovation. Imitability refers to how easily competitors can copy or duplicate the technology or process underpinning the innovation. There are many examples of barriers a company could use to protect itself from imitation, including intellectual property rights, complex internal routines or tacit knowledge. Complementary assets are equally important. They include any activity that gravitates around the core innovation such as distribution channels, reputation, marketing capabilities, strategic alliances, customer relationships, licensing agreements, among others. Analyzing the two dimensions the theory concludes that if imitability is high and complementary assets are freely available or unimportant it will be difficult to make money out of the innovation (exceptions can be made at the very short run). If instead complementary assets are tightly held and important and imitability is once again high, the holder of such assets will be the one profiting on the innovation, independently of who developed it. If imitability is low the innovator will find himself in a much better position. When complementary assets are not controlled by other economic actors he will be able to collect most of the profits being generated. When, on the other hand, complementary assets are important and tightly held negotiation will take place, profits will be shared in proportion to bargaining power of the parts involved. The Teece model can be used not only to predict who will profit from an innovation but also to understand what company will have higher incentives to invest in certain innovations. The major flaw one can find in this theory is the lack of empirical evidence, which results from the difficulty to isolate the imitability and the complementarily effects from other factors. EXAMPLE: Consider the case of RC Cola, it was the first firm to introduce a diet cola on the market, but since it could not protect itself from imitation soon Pepsi and Coca-Cola jumped in, and using their complementary assets (distribution channels, brand name, etc. ) they appropriated all the profits of the segment. Another example is herbal toothpaste which was first introduced by vico vajradanti but later colgate entered in herbal toothpaste market with name colgate herbal and it succeed. References: Innovationzen. com A. Afuah, â€Å" Innovation management†, Oxford university press, 1998, 25.

Growing Stronger Toegether â€By Author Collective Triskele Books

Growing Stronger Toegether –By Author Collective Triskele Books Growing Stronger Together An interview with Author Collective Triskele Books Looking at groups like the  Alliance of Independent Authors really makes me pause for thought. 10 years ago, people might have said that being an author was a solitary profession. Now, it might very well be one of the most social ones, especially if you’re an ‘indie.’And I believe this is what everyone loves about author publishing: all the actors involved, especially the authors, are positive, energetic people. And they all share common issues, questions and worries. So quite naturally, they get together and discuss them. This is the premise on which author collectives are born.Today, we interview JJ Marsh and the fellow members of Triskele Books, one of the leading author collectives in the UK, to learn how independent authors can grow stronger together.How do you work together as a collective? Is Triskele an umbrella for the work you each produce independently, or do you collaborate on projects?Both, but mostly the former. We’re a team of self-publishe d writers who work like a small publisher. To date, we’ve published eighteen novels. Although we write in different genres, we all offer editorial advice; consult on cover design, blurb and puff quotes; market on a shared platform; organise events and take responsibility for raising our profile. What US collective Five Directions Press calls â€Å"sweat equity†.How did you get together? What was the genesis of the collective? How long have you been working together?We graduated through a series of online critique sites and finally found a home on a site where people took their writing seriously. A collective seemed the ideal ‘third way’ between trad publishing and going indie. Keeping to the highest standards, but maintaining full creative control.In December 2011, three of us met in London and hammered out an ethos. Four years later, much has changed but the ethos remains the same:High-quality writingProfessional presentationA strong sense of placeHow do you guys communicate? Do you meet in person frequently? Do you talk online?Based in three countries, we only get together two or three times a year. That’s when we talk strategy. For daily business, we use email or our private Facebook page. Complex discussions or differences of opinion are usually resolved via Skype.What is, in your opinion, the #1 skill that you bring to the collective (if there is one that stands out)?Gillian Hamer: The main skills I bring are organisation and reliability. I’m the financial guru of the gang so I’d hope trust is a pretty big asset too.JJ Marsh: I’m the strategist. Forever hassling the others with â€Å"I’ve had an idea!†Liza Perrat:  Compiling and keeping updated book reviewers’ list, being the Goodreads guru and connecting with collectives.JD Smith: It is definitely my skills as a graphic designer working on covers, formatting, website, marketing materials and the overall brand look.Catriona Trot h: I think my instinct is to be a community builder. I love making connections with other writers and finding ways of collaborating, as with the Indie Author Fair (see picture below). I have a passionate sense we’re stronger working together. In the long run, that’s how we’ll break down traditional barriers. What makes Triskele work so well, in your opinion? The fact that you all have different skills? Or that you write in different genres? Or that there’s a true friendship between the five of you?The professional approach. Yes, the skills balance, the breadth of genres and the genuine friendship are crucial factors, but we approached this as a serious business. Triskele Books is NOT a hobby.If you had to pick one, what is the best thing about being in a collective with other writers?Catriona Troth: You are not a lone voice. Not only is it a lot easier to get noticed as part of a group, but you feel less like a snake oil salesman promoting someone else’s work than constantly bigging up your own.Gillian Hamer: SUPPORT.   And under that umbrella - editorial, advisory, monetary, workload support. Perhaps most importantly, friendship.JJ Marsh: People who, via encouragement and example, make me work harder.JD Smith: Mutual support, both in terms of having other people to bounc e your work off and also share all the disappointments and achievements.Liza Perrat:   Sharing a glass of wine, er†¦ sharing all the different tasks related to publishing and marketing a book.And of course, what’s difficult about it?Gillian Hamer: Communication. Under that would fall sub headings of quantity issues and quality time we get to spend together. We’ve never had a problem we failed to sort out, but distance and difference can add extra stress. For me, the benefits outweigh any negatives, many times over.Liza Perrat: Trying to participate as much as possible, so as not let the team down, whilst juggling everything else in life.JD Smith: Not so much agreeing with one another but the vast amount of communication that inevitably occurs when things have to be approved or given the thumbs-up.Catriona Troth: Apart from the workload, which can sometimes feel overwhelming, you do give up a certain amount of freedom. You can never say, stuff that, I’m go ing to do it my way. Every decision ultimately has to be subject to the agreement of the rest of the team. There’s power in that, but constriction too.JJ Marsh: The constant yet necessary evaluations as to whether we’re still on the right track. You’ve expanded the group I think once since you started - what brought this on? Do you want to keep expanding or do you worry you might lose yourselves in doing so?One of our key aims is to support and develop writers – it’s how we grew. However, we need to balance the time and effort that goes into that process. So until 2016, we’re not expanding at all. We’re exploring potential collaborations and alternative ventures but sticking to our ethos, which means pouring all our energies into our own writing and trying to raise the bar.Are there any other collectives out there that you think are worth mentioning? Are you looking into partnering with some of them for cross-promotion, or to create a collective of collectives?Lots! We make a point of seeking other collectives and discovering how they do it. We interview them on our blog. We’ve built relationships with several and now you mention it, a collective of collectives is a terrific idea. Wa tch this space†¦Do you have any plans for 2015? Tell us about them!Connecting with readers – three new releases due out next year. Marketing opportunities - new formats, translations and a short story collection. Building relationships with writers via ventures such as IAF#15. Strategic alliances based on location. Getting sponsored by a Prosecco manufacturer.But top of the list is writing.We formed Triskele with one aim in mind: to become better writers.What do you think about author collectives? Can Indie authors grow stronger if they get together and share resources? Do share your opinion in the comments below!Follow Triskele Books on Twitter and Facebook

Preparing the Populace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Preparing the Populace - Research Paper Example Another disadvantage is there exist many other related web pages of other organization which tend to be more luring to the attention of the public; hence the public do not get to know about FEMA (Jenkins and United States, 2010) Use of information booklets to pass information to the public is effective. This can be done by various agents of FEMA distributing the booklets to the public so that they can be informed about it (Burns, 2006). Another effective method is to reach the public by use of advertisements. Putting up advertisements in the media like on television and newspapers as well as journals is important (Burns, 2006). Putting up billboards is also an effective way of passing information since it will reach a wider audience. Putting up more mock rescue demonstrations in public institutions like colleges is effective. After this, they will inform the students or rather the audience involved about the group and they will know about

UK Consumer Protection Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

UK Consumer Protection Law - Essay Example This essay will examine these different legal provisions and their application and assess why they may not be effective in securing a cost effective remedy for the consumer, who would likely benefit from arbitration instead, which could involve lower costs. Internet sales are becoming increasingly common, but as discussed further below, the difficulties in establishing and proving a case through the application of the appropriate statutory provisions would make it an expensive process or consumers. The legal conditions pertaining to the sale of goods are governed by the Sale of Goods Act of 1979. Section 14(2) of the Act states that â€Å"where the seller sells goods in the course of a business, there is an implied term that the goods supplied under the Act are of satisfactory quality†1 unless existing defects are specifically bought to the buyer’s attention before the purchase or the buyer has the opportunity to examine the goods before purchase. The problems which arise in the case of Internet sales are that it is difficult for consumer to closely examine the goods that they are purchasing first hand; rather there is an implied condition that the goods are in a merchantable condition. On e-commerce websites such as e-ba y, purchasers are generally relying upon what they can see of a product in pictures which are posted on the site and relying upon the descriptions offered by the sellers and there may be little recourse available to remedy defects or deficiencies which are discovered later. In further defining what constitutes a â€Å"satisfactory quality† of the goods as defined under the Act, Section 14 (2A) of the Act states that â€Å"for the purposes of this Act, the quality of goods includes their state and condition and the following (among others) are in appropriate cases aspects of the quality of goods: (a)fitness for the purposes for which goods of the kind in question are commonly supplied (b) appearance and finish (c)freedom from minor defects

The Sales Related Issues of Thorntons PLC Term Paper

The Sales Related Issues of Thorntons PLC - Term Paper Example The industry in which the company operates is very competitive and apt strategies are needed to gain a competitive advantage over other firms. For this purpose a situational analysis will be conducted taking into account both micro-environment and macro-environment. Finally, a SWOT analysis of the company will be conducted in order to understand the present position of the company and the external factors that can benefit or hurt the company in the future. This section will include a commentary on the most important factors of the macro-environment in the chocolate industry. Political The political environment of the United Kingdom is relatively stable. The company does not have to worry about the problems of a turbulent political environment that are prevalent in developing markets. There are although specific regulations regarding marketing of food items that the company has to abide by at all times. In order to prevent childhood obesity, the government is looking to reduce chocola te sizes and that will affect the company (Daily Mail UK, 2009). Regulations such as these can affect a change in production, marketing, and distribution strategy of the company. Economical Economic conditions of the United Kingdom are not ideal and the country is still feeling jolts from the economic recession of 2008. But still, the situation of the chocolate industry is considerably better compared to other industries. The industry has been able to survive the recession and, opposite to other industries, has shown growth as well (Piercy, Cravens, & Lane, 2010). Although the chocolate industry is generally regarded as one of those industries that were able to survive the recession, Hull city’s economic conditions are not good which may not be good news for the chocolate industry. The unemployment level in the city is higher than the country average (Hull City Council, 2011). This is not a good sign for the chocolate companies operating in the region. Socio-cultural The cult ure of gift giving at Christmas is the main reason behind the increase in sales of chocolates in this season.  

5 & 6 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

5 & 6 - Coursework Example Despite the debatable assertion that it is important to apply the â€Å"assembly line justice† concept because of the large caseloads compared to the resources and personnel needed to handle them, there are a myriad of considerations that are overlooked. Using assembly line justice means that cases do not get individual attention and there are not questions of fact or law that are raised and as such, dispositions in such cases are just routine. This concept is particularly unjust because, important aspects of a case may be overlooked and as such the dispositions made may be unjust or cruel, despite the fact timely closure for both victim and perpetrator is given. This is because defendants and appellants rights to trial are denied; most cases end with a plea bargain, usually of guilty simply because the court considers the cases routine (Neubauer and Fradella 123). Additionally, this concept of assembly line justice has shifted the focus of courts from the traditional due process procedures, whereby, the courts’ actors, specifically defense attorneys and prosecutors, were required to prove their cases beyond any reasonable doubt before any resolutions can be achieved or reached to courts trying to reach resolutions without any adjudication (Neubauer and Fradella 124). Therefore, using the assembly line justice concept on the mere argument that it helps deal with the issue of excessive caseloads is neither here or th ere, since it clearly overlooks other fundamental aspects of the court system including the rule of law, local legal systems and the relationship with organization. Therefore, the use of assembly line justice is not just and should not be used. Q #2: The Supreme Court has decided that prosecutors (Chapter 6) are to be immune from civil lawsuits arising from them acting in their official capacity. Without this type of legal protection, it was feared prosecutors would hesitate to do their jobs because they would be scared of

Safety management Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Safety management - Lab Report Example This study’s core focus encompasses thermal stress, which is exchange of heat with an ambient environment from a radiating body. However, this phenomenon may differ significantly based on varied factors besides location, which are climatic conditions, work demand and clothing. Hence, influencing workers’ conduct especially if they are working in a closed or poorly ventilated place to the extent some may exhibit irritability, working slowly or taking persistent breaks to go out where conditions are favorable. Therefore, the knowledge of this phenomenon is essential to engineers and other related experts in structural engineering when designing appropriate buildings in quest of installing proper ventilations. In this experiment, interval for elevation of temperature was at least 10 minutes in order to allow even distribution of heat and for the used equipments to stabilize for better results. Obtaining of the required results entailed measuring of both WBGTin and WBGTout coupled with tabulating them in a table for later comparisons when giving deductions. Hence, compare them though in ascertaining the premise of this experiment divergence will not show big margins. This experiment seeks to compare the two equipments’ accuracies based on their results. After having obtained the required materials and equipments required for this experiment, the second step was to set up the entire structure as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. This is to ensure after the commencement of the experiment observations are easy and devoid of errors in case of any incorrect setting of respective equipments or apparatus. Once the setting was complete, out of fifteen students they were to observed resulting data but in groups. These were to read varied temperatures quantities and recording them correctly after they have come to a consensus that they had taken respective readings accurately. The insistence of correctness in this experiment was to ensure its results do not minimum

5 & 6 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

5 & 6 - Coursework Example Despite the debatable assertion that it is important to apply the â€Å"assembly line justice† concept because of the large caseloads compared to the resources and personnel needed to handle them, there are a myriad of considerations that are overlooked. Using assembly line justice means that cases do not get individual attention and there are not questions of fact or law that are raised and as such, dispositions in such cases are just routine. This concept is particularly unjust because, important aspects of a case may be overlooked and as such the dispositions made may be unjust or cruel, despite the fact timely closure for both victim and perpetrator is given. This is because defendants and appellants rights to trial are denied; most cases end with a plea bargain, usually of guilty simply because the court considers the cases routine (Neubauer and Fradella 123). Additionally, this concept of assembly line justice has shifted the focus of courts from the traditional due process procedures, whereby, the courts’ actors, specifically defense attorneys and prosecutors, were required to prove their cases beyond any reasonable doubt before any resolutions can be achieved or reached to courts trying to reach resolutions without any adjudication (Neubauer and Fradella 124). Therefore, using the assembly line justice concept on the mere argument that it helps deal with the issue of excessive caseloads is neither here or th ere, since it clearly overlooks other fundamental aspects of the court system including the rule of law, local legal systems and the relationship with organization. Therefore, the use of assembly line justice is not just and should not be used. Q #2: The Supreme Court has decided that prosecutors (Chapter 6) are to be immune from civil lawsuits arising from them acting in their official capacity. Without this type of legal protection, it was feared prosecutors would hesitate to do their jobs because they would be scared of

Option Pricing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Option Pricing Theory - Essay Example An option provides the buyer the right to buy or sale the quantity of goods he or she wants at a fixed price known as the strike price. Since the process of buying an option is optional, the holder can choose not to buy or sale the assets. There are two options these are; right to buy and right to sale. Options can come in several varieties like; a put option, gives the seller an underlying price to sale an option (Bostock, 2004). A call option gives its holder the right to buy an option on its set price; these options depend on when the option is offered. Therefore, the paper aims at giving a theoretical analysis of option pricing theory. 2.2 Research questions The paper focuses on two main research questions; to determine the effects of option pricing theory and to explore ways of improving option pricing theory. 2.3 Significance of the research The research targets businessmen who take part in buying and selling of options using the option pricing theories. The research findings w ill provide them with the basis of calculating option prices. The study mainly delimits itself to the two option pricing theories (Black-Scholes model and binomial pricing option models). ... Broadie and Detemple (2000) in their research provided a suggestion that binomial models are modified by replacing the binomial prices with the tree diagram analysis using the the Black-Scholes values, or by making it easy to payoff stocks at maturity, and the other option prices as usual. The major disadvantages of this model is that the option price converges; a result of changes that may take place in the prices. In order to obtain solutions that are exact, the Standard Richardson extrapolation may be applied . Burn (2003) states that, although the option pricing models were used. their patterns of convergent and rate of convergence for calculating the option ratios are not well described. Hull method and extended model can be used to come up with monotonic convergence using as the formula for coming up with deltas and gammas and deltas in this model.He adds that the models can be improved by introducing a more advanced formula, to improve the computation of the hedge ratios while calculation option pricing. The Central Limit Theorem, states that, the actual distribution of prices under the Black-Scholes model converges to its continuous-time limit. For instance, the price distribution of the model converges to a lognormal distribution. Similarly, binomial option prices calculated also converge to the Black-Scholes price. . N-Cumulative Standard normal distribution function r- rate of return (risk free) T-time (up to expiry in years) S-current stock price o- volatility of stock q- strike price Broadie and Detemple (2000) in their evaluation suggested for a binomial model called Binomial Black and Scholes model to price options. This model is identical to the Cox, Ross and Rubinsten (CRR) model apart from

Pillowman Review Essay Example for Free

Pillowman Review Essay The team of San- Jacinto central college performed the play â€Å"The Pillow man† originally written by Martin McDonough on 2003 in the Powell Arena Theatre. The play was about the tale of Katurian, a fiction writer who was interrogated by the two detectives Ariel and Tupoloski regarding the unpleasant stories of children written by Katurian. The content of Katurian’s stories was similar to the murder of the different children in the town, so they were suspected of the case. The play was performed on the black-box theatre, which was modified into the upthrust stage. The stage was good enough to support some specific part of the play like the background family scene that was provided when Katurian was narrating the story. The audiences sitting on raised stages on the three sides were able to relate the Katurian’s narration with the background scene. The opening moments of this play are superlatively funny, thanks to the interaction between Katurian and his two captors, a Detective named Tupolski (Joe Franco) and a policeman named Ariel (Richard Turner). Tupolski seems to be the epitome of quiet, industrial effectiveness, whereas Ariel (the winged indentured servant in The Tempest?) is very tightly wound, and more than eager to jump his prisoner and beat him senseless. Though all the characters were good to perform their assigned roles, I personally appreciate the role of Michal, performed by Aaron Alford, a freshman student of San Jacinto College. Just as the script says Michal was little slow to get the things, Alford did exactly the same throughout the play. As well, this character has added some comedy flavors in the play like itching ass etc. He made us laugh most of the time. The sound factor of the play was good. The crying sound from the background was really natural that attracted the attention of the audiences like me. It made to feel like somebody was really tortured there. There was a special sound effect in the play relating to the homicide and torture. Mr. Brian Hamlin did the very good job as a director and fight director. The play was directed so well. All the cast and crew do their best to execute the play. Most of the casting members were professional and graduate students interested in theatre. The two plays that I watched during this semester â€Å"The Pillowman† and â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI†. The opening scene of â€Å"The Pillowman† and â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI† both were really good. Among these two play I like â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI† better because the Hopi Indian chanter played really well. Also, action was well executed on â€Å"Star Blood† on â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI† rather than interrogating on â€Å"The Pillowman†. Lighting was well executed on â€Å"â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI† and sound effects on â€Å"The Pillowman† To sum it up, the play was good enough to entertain. I can make a consensus that the script of the play was well written. The characters were giving just the satisfaction to the superior script of the play. It was worth watchin g.

Experiment of Calcium Carbonate Composition of Eggshells

Experiment of Calcium Carbonate Composition of Eggshells INTRODUCTION Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is found in nature giving hardness and strength to things such as seashells, rocks, and eggshells. As hard as this substance is, it will react readily with hydrochloric acid to yield carbon dioxide gas (and two other products). In this experiment students will design an experiment by reacting eggshells with 2 M HCl to compare the calcium carbonate composition of white (chicken) eggshells to brown eggshells. A good quality eggshell will contain, on average, 2.2 grams of calcium in the form of calcium carbonate. Approximately 94% of a dry eggshell is calcium carbonate and has a typical mass of 5.5 grams,1 although these values can differ depending on sources. Amounts as low as 78% have been published. The remaining mass is composed largely of phosphorus and magnesium, and trace amounts of sodium, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper. In the case of brown versus white eggs, a definitive difference in calcium carbonate amounts may be hard to uncover. However, consider this. The color of the eggs is nothing more than a result of a different breed. The quality, nutritional value, and taste are identical between white and brown eggs, though two notable differences are size and price. Brown eggs are usually larger and slightly more expensive. The reason for the price increase is because brown eggs come from larger hens, which need to be fed more food daily. With a larger intake of calci um each day, one might expect the produced egg to have a higher calcium carbonate content. However, since the eggs are larger, it must be kept in mind that the calcium is spread over a larger surface area during egg formation. A brown eggshells increased tendency to break, when compared to white, is often attributed to this â€Å"thinning out† of calcium during deposition. To avoid the breakage of eggs before reaching market, the eggshells needs to be as strong as possible. The strength of eggshells is mainly determined by the percentage of calcium carbonate in it. In order to monitor the quality of eggshells, the following experiment has to be done to determine the percentage of calcium carbonate in eggshells. In this experiment, back titration is used. First, excess acid is reacted with the calcium carbonate in eggshells. 2HCl(aq)+CaCO3(s)→CaCl2(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) Later, if we can find out the number of mole of unreacted acid, number of mole of calcium carbonate can then be found out. The number of mole of unreacted acid can be found by titration with the following reaction. HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→H2O(l)+NaCl(aq) Percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshell can then be calculated by the following formula: 4.2AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this experiment is to determine the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshells. design an experiment that quantifies the amount of calcium carbonate present in a natural substance. relate the amount of a reactant or product of a chemical reaction to another reactant or product. work collaboratively with their peers to solve a given problem in the laboratory in a way that models the scientific method. apply a common acid reaction between hydrochloric acid and the carbonate ion. Chapter 2 THEORY METHOLOGY PRINCIPLE OF THE EXPERIMENT During this experiment, the percentage of CaCO3 in an eggshell is determined by reacting the eggshell with hydrochloric acid. The equation for this reaction is: 2HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s)→Ca2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + 2Cl- (aq) This reaction cannot be used directly titrate with the CaCO3. Instead, an excess of hydrochloric acid is added to dissolve the eggshell, and the remaining acid is titrated with NaOH solution to determine the amount of acid that did not react with the eggshell. The equation used to determine the amount of leftover acid is: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → H2O (l) + Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENTS Beaker Pipette Filler Electronicbalance Volumetric flask BuretteWash bottle Mortar and pestle Conical flasks White tile Filter funnel Filtter paper 25.00 cm 3 pipette CHEMICALS USED 2 M HCl Phenolphthalein 2 M NaOH PROCEDURE White and Red colour eggshells have taken and the protein membrane was removed on the inside of the eggshells. The eggshell was washed with distilled water Dried in an oven for few minutes. The eggshell was then grounded into fine powder by mortar and pestle. 2g of eggshell powder is weighted accurately by using an electronic balance and it was transferred to a conical flask. 25.00 cm3 of HCl was pipetted to dissolve the eggshell powder. Distilled water was added to the flask until it reached about 100cm3. The flask was swirled gently. Put the solution into cubed for two days. Faltered the solution using filter papers. Pippet out 25.00 cm3 from each solutions to titration flasks. The solution was then titrated with standardized NaOH. Repeat another two samples from each solution. Collect the correct burette readings at the end point. Chapter 3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS THE COLOR CHANGE OF THE SOLUTION White egg Brown egg Colourless pink Colourless pink THE TITRATION RESULT OF BROWN EGG 1 2 3 Volume of eggshells solution/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00 Volume of NaOH used/cm3 20.10 19.90 20.10 Average volume of NaOH used: (20.10+19.90+20.10) = 20.03cm33 THE TITRATION RESULT OF WHITE EGG 1 2 3 Volume of eggshells solution/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00 Volume of NaOH used/cm3 20.40 20.35 20.00 *Average volume of NaOH used: (20.40+20.35+20.00) =20.25cm33 Chapter 4 CALCULATIONS CALCULATIONS 2HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s)→Ca2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + 2Cl- (aq) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → H2O (l) + Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) FOR BROWN EGG Number of moles of NaOH used to react with HCl =20.03cm3 /1000) X2M = 40.06X 10-3 mol Since number of moles of NaOH = number of moles of HCl in 25cm3 =40.06 X 10-3 mol HCl mols in 100cm3 = 40.06 X 10-3 X 4 mol The initial no of moles of HCl: volume X molarity = 100/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 mol Number of moles of HCl used to react with CaCO3 = ( 200X10-3 160.24X 10-3) mol = 39.76X10-3 mol According to the equation, one mole of HCI required to react with 2 moles of CaCO3, Number of moles of CaCO3 reacted =39.76X10- 3 /2 = 19.88X10-3 mol The weight of CaCO3 = 19.88X10-3g X100g The % of CaCO3 in eggshell (brown) = (1.988/2) X100% =99.4% FOR WHITE EGG Number of moles of NaOH used to react with HCl: (20.25cm3/1000)X2 = 40.50X10-3mol Since number of moles of NaOH=number of moles of HCl in 25cm3 = 4.50X10-3mol HCl Volume in 100cm3 = 40.50 X10-3 X4 mol The initial moles of HCl: volume X molarity = 100/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 mol Number of moles of HCl used to react with CaCO3 : ( 200X10-3 162X10-3) mol = 38X10-3 mol Number of moles of CaCO3 reacted =38X10-3/2 = 19X10-3 mol The weight of CaCO3 = 19X10-3g X100 The % of CaCO3 in eggshell (white) = (1.9/2) X100% =95.0% Chapter 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUTION CONCLUSION Percentage of CaCO3 in red eggshells= 99.4% Percentage of CaCO3 in white eggshells= 95.0% Therefore red eggshells has the higher percentage of CaCO3. DISCUSSION Source of errors The eggshell powder did not dissolve completely Variation in visual judgment at the end point Instrumental errors of the electronic balance The eggshell was not fully dried Some droplets of solution may still adhere on the beaker and the glass rod which lead to the reduction in number of moles of excess HCl In this Experiment we can also do the EDTA titration. REFERENCES http://www.google.lk/search?hl=ensource=hpq=caco3+percentage+in+eggshellbtnG=Google+Searchmeta=aq=foq= http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem1102/Egg.htm http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Determine-Percentage-Mass-Calcium-Carbonate-Eggshells/165593 http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/poultry/multistate/koelkebeck1.htm

Hamlet :: essays research papers

In Hamlet, Shakespeare follows regular convention for a large part of the play. In the beginning, Shakespeare sets up the scene, having a ghost on a dark night. Everyone is working and something strange is happening in Denmark. It is as if Shakespeare is saying that some kind of foul play has been committed. This sets up for the major theme in the play which is of course revenge. The ghost appears to talk to Hamlet. It is quite obvious that the play had a gruesome, violent death and the sexual aspect of the play was clearly introduced when Claudius married Hamlet’s mother Gertrude. The ghost tells Hamlet that he has been given the role of the person who will take revenge upon Claudius. Hamlet must now think of how to take revenge on Claudius, although he doesn’t know what to do about it. He ponders his thoughts for a long period of time, expecting to do the deed immediately, but instead he drags it on until the end of the play. Although what was important to note was that all tragic heroes of plays at that time delayed their actual revenge until the end of the play. In most revenge plays, the revenger was often anonymous and well disguised, stalking the enemy about to be killed, but Hamlet started a battle of wits with Claudius by acting mad and calling it his â€Å"antic disposition†, although the whole thing was a ploy to get closer to Claudius to be able to avenge his father’s death more easily. The tactic was a disadvantage in that it drew all attention upon himself. More importantly though it was an advantage that his â€Å"antic disposition†, isolated him from the rest of the court because of the people not paying attention to what he thought or did because of his craziness. One important part of all revenge plays is that after the revenge is finally decided upon, the tragic hero delays the actual revenge until the end of the play. Hamlet’s delay of killing Claudius takes on three distinct stages. Firstly he had to prove that the ghost was actually telling the truth, and he did this by staging the play â€Å"The Mousetrap† at court. When Claudius stormed out in rage, Hamlet knew that he was guilty. The second stage was when Hamlet could have killed Claudius while he was confessing to god. If Hamlet had done it here then Claudius would have gone to heaven because he confessed while Hamlet’s father was in purgatory because he did not get the opportunity to confess. So Hamlet therefore decided not to murder Claudius at this

Gravity: Meaning of Life and Crystal Bowl Essay

Symbolism is a good tool to use when we come across difficult abstract concepts such as life and death. For example, in her article entitled â€Å"Gravity†, David Leavitt tells us a story about how a mom named Sylvia encourages her HIV infected son Theo to live longer. When Theo started to have bad eye sight in his childhood Sylvia just let him wear her flamboyant glasses despite that people around them all think that Theo looks strange. After Theo grew up, between a drug that could sustain his life and a drug that could save his sight, Theo chose the second one. Sylvia worried that Theo would give up the hope for living, so she tried to encourage Theo to live by a strange way which similar to the way she help him with his sight when he was a child. She threw a very heavy crystal bowl to Theo when they were shopping in a gift store. Theo caught the bowl without thinking. Theo realized that by throwing the bowl, on one side, Sylvia tended to prove that he is still alive. On the other side, Sylvia wanted to encourage him to live longer. The crystal bowl in the story represents exactly what Theo was going through. It symbolizes both life and death. It represents life because it was heavy and valuable â€Å"(The crystal bowl is) Four hundred and twenty- five dollars† (l. 88) This shows that the crystal bowl is very valuable just like that human’s life is very precious. In the same time, crystal bowl represent death because it could easily been shattered. Theo was surprised that he actually did not shatter the bowl â€Å"Theo looked at the floor, still surprised not to see shards of glass around his feet. † (l. 96-97) If the crystal bowl were broken, it would have not value or meaning just like it has lost its life. So, the Crystal bowl in the story represents death. If the bowl shattered, it just like a person lost his/her life. The crystal bowl also represents the character and hopes of Sylvia. The crystal in the story is very showing and pricy. â€Å"(The crystal bowl is) a large ridges crystal bowl, a very fifties sort of bowl, stalwart and square-jawed. † (l. 84-86) It represents Sylvia’s flamboyant and materialism characters. The author tells us that Sylvia has a flamboyant character by describing Sylvia’s bold and flashy glasses†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ harlequins with tiny rhinestones in the corners†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (l.9) The author also implies that Sylvia is quite materialism by showing us that she care a lot about the price of a graduation gift her sister given to her son â€Å"Don’t you remember that cheap little nothing Bibi gave you for your graduation? It was disgusting. †(l. 50-51) On the other hand, the crystal bowl represents the strength of Sylvia’s hope for Theo to live because the crystal bowl is heavy â€Å"’That’s heavy,’ Sylvia said, observing with satisfaction how the bowl had weighted Theo’s arms down†(l. 93-94) The heavier the stronger, so the heaviness of the crystal bowl represent the strong will and hope of Sylvia. The author shows us that Sylvia is a strong willed woman who has done extremely stressful things in a role â€Å"The DHPG injections she (Sylvia) took in stride—she’s seen her own mother through her dying, after all, Four times a day, with the equanimity of a nurse, she cleaned out the plastic tube implanted in his chest, inserted a sterilized hypodermic a Sylvia and slowly dripped bag of sight-giving liquid into his vein†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (l.17-20) It shows that Sylvia has tremendous strength just like the toughness the crystal bowl appeared to be. The author also shows us that Sylvia’s hope for Theo to live is very strong. Even though Sylvia was stressed out †Yet she (Sylvia) had also, at about three o’clock one morning, woken him up to tell him she was going to the twenty-four- hour supermarket, and was there anything her wanted†(1. 122-124) This shows that Sylvia was on the edge of mental broken-down. But Sylvia still keeps strong hope for Theo to live â€Å"†¦ it had occurred to him (Theo) that she (Sylvia) was trusting his two feeble hands, out of the whole world, to keep it from shattering. † This shows that after all, Sylvia strongly hoped that, showing Theo that he was still strong by throwing the crystal bowl and letting him catch it, Theo would not continue on giving up his life but choose to live longer. The crystal also symbolized the general message which the author is trying to convey to the readers: life should be fully lived. The author shows that Theo was dying and tended to giving up his life. He felt â€Å"†¦wide and unswimmable the gulf was becoming between him and the evereceding shoreline of the will †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (l. 35-36) Even though he felt that way, he still caught the heavy crystal bowl without thinking. It shows the underlining deep and significant meaning of the story â€Å"There are certain things you’ve already done before you even think how to do them†¦ the bowl, which Theo was holding before he could even begin to calculate its brief trajectory†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (l. 131-133) This shows us that all human have an instinct for living. By showing us this, the story conveys a message to the readers that even though life is violable like the fragile crystal bowl; it doesn’t mean that we should give up. Instead, we should look at the positive side of life. Just like the crystal bowl also heavy and strong side, human lives also have a strong side because very one have instinct for living. Therefore, we should have faith to ourselves and stop complaining our own misery but start to look at life in a positive way, and realize that our lives should be fully lived.

Saturday Night at the Birthday Party

SATURDAY NIGHT AT THE BIRTHDAY PARTY Introduction: Saturday, March 13th 2004, my friend Hannah had a costume party for her 13-year-old son Jason. Hannah invited 13 children to Jason’s birthday costume party at her home in Kissimmee. The children’s ages ranged from three to thirteen years old. Mostly everyone came to her home dressed in colorful costumes. Some were friendly, scary or funny,others were homemade or store bought. A young married couple arrived around 4:30 pm with their three-year-old son, Matthew, who is the subject of this paper..His father John was dressed as a tattered bum and his wife Sarah was dressed as a friendly pretty witch. Little Matthew who is usually a white, blond hair male was dressed in a black cat outfit complete with the painted face to resemble a cat. He also wore the red nose, red cheeks and whiskers. He is tall and thin for his age. According to John and Sarah, Matthew’s parents, their son is a curious little boy by nature. Emoti onal Deveopment and Stranger Anxiety Matthew demonstrated a wide range of basic emotions as Kail and Cavanaugh predicted. Most scientists agree that complex emotions don’t surface until 18 to 24 months of age (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 186). † Complex emotions require the additional step of reflecting on one’s own behavior and how one feels about it. Matthew moved his big blue eyes as he scanned the busy room filled with wild assortments of costumes that floated around him. Matthew did not speak much but his facial expressions of wonderment seemed to say what his mouth did not. Sometimes, his face would light up with excitement and other times he seemed to be paralyzed by fear.He reacted to the hip-hop music by bouncing up and down and clapping his hands. Matthew demonstrated â€Å"stranger wariness; by the end of the first year the child becomes wary in the presence of an unfamiliar adult (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 188). † He ran to his mother and father and hid his face in his mother’s lap when someone approached him to try to engage him in a dance. Until then he appeared to have forgotten about his parents. His ability to explore and his quick return to his parents when frightened showed that he had a secure attachment to his mother’s presence (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 177).Temperament I myself was dressed as Raggedy Annie. Matthew did not seem to be impressed with or afraid of my costume. He showed much interest in some of the other more outrageous costumes i. e. : a Martian with antennas, and a â€Å"Bug’s Life† look alike. Matthew just simply sat and stared at other costumes. He also smiled and laughs at others. When his parents allowed him to move about freely, Matthew hesitated and clung to his parents. That did not last for very long. As the night wore on, Matthew adjusted to his freedom and ventured away from the safety of his parents. This behavior can be easily related to tempermen t. Temperament is a consistent style or pattern in a child’s behavior (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 93). † When Matthew was first introduced to his new environment, he seemed slow to the adjustment. He seemed to be processing new information rather than just reacting to it. His activity level was very low at first. As time passed, he became more and more comfortable in his new surroundings and began to respond to it more favorably. This is evidence of â€Å"Slow-To-Warm-Up† temperament in which the child’s behavior is initially inhibited and then becomes more like the Easy or Difficult temperament types.He did not pay much attention to the people who were not dressed in costumes. He did not play or laugh with them at all. Rather, he appeared to be more interested in the array of colorful costumes and the behavior that they were engaged in, either laughing and/or dancing. Psychosocial Development Erikson predicted that by age 2 children strive for autonomy , â€Å"independence from others and control over their own behavior (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 179). † Around 6:00 pm it was time to eat. John and Sarah tried to get Matthew to sit with them so that they could eat together.Matthew did not want to sit. He began to cry and pull away when his dad tried to lift him up. When they got Matthew to the table, Matthew did not want to eat. His parents tried everything. He was too excited about all that was going on around him. Clearly Matthew wanted to regulate what was and was not going to happen by exerting his independence so profoundly. He had demostrated his autonomy by resisting, crying, and pulling away. He is probably still going through his terrible two years. He has a strong will power, but it is short lived.His reaction to some of the other more scary costumes and his need to be in the safety of his parents at that time showed some doubt as to his ability to deal with the unexpected. Once again, Matthew became unsure of himself. Erikson would classify this type of behavior as â€Å"AUTONOMY vs SHAME & DOUBT†. Cognitive Development Some of the other guests sensing what was going on with Matthew, attempted to help John and Sarah. A happy smiling clown went over and played with Matthew. The clown got him to eat some of his hamburger and french fries.A white rabbit with a big fuzzy tail pretending to nibble on an orange carrot went over to play with him and Matthew laughed and played joyfully. A silly puppet went over and danced in front of Matthew. The puppet also got Matthew to eat a little more of his french fries and drink some of his apple juice. When the colorful clown and the silly puppet interacted with Matthew he reached out to them, smiled and laughed with them. They got him to eat. Then a hungry pig came over to Matthew and tried to play with him. Matthew cried and pulled away. A ghost and a Freddy Kruger look alike went to say hello to Matthew.Matthew cried, swatted his hands at them to leave, twisted away from them, and started yelling no-no. Matthew’s fear of Freddy reveals the quality of â€Å"Appearance as reality† which is characteristic of the Preoperational stage of cognitive development (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 138). During the preoperational stage, magical thinking is the rule and children have great difficulty distinguishing between fantasy and reality. In Matthew’s mind he believed the costumes were real. He believed the scary characters wanted to harm him (twisting away, swatting hands, crying out no no).His behavior was guided by a mistaken belief (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2004, pa. 123). I asked Matthew about the clown and the rabbit. Matthew said, â€Å"FUNNY, I WANT GO DOWN AND PLAY WITH THEM†. Matthew was also displaying â€Å"CONFUSION BETWEEN APPEARANCE AND REALITY†. Matthew is probably in the pre-operational stage of development. Although Matthew’s parents as well as he himself were dressed in costu mes he still could not understand that these where simply people dressed up as he and his parent’s were. Theory of Mind This behavior is typical for a pre-operational thinker.Piaget stated that children typically believe others see the world – literally and figuratively – exactly as they do. (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2004, pa. 134). Matthew may have seen these types of characters in other settings, like television. Based on the animated characters portrayals, and the way others reacted toward them, his memory has probably developed a schema toward those characters (fear-bad or friendly-nice). After getting permission from his parents I spoke with Matthew. I asked him why he cried when the pig and ghost tried to play with him? Matthew said because they are bad.Then I asked if the pig and the ghost had been mean to him. His reply was â€Å"SCARRY†. This statement has lead me to believe that Matthew was exercising a â€Å"theory of mind† by attributing mot ivations to the other characters (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 123). (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 186) Conclusion: In Matthew’s preoperational thinking, an object’s appearance tells what the object is really like. Matthew is learning how to assert his wishes and to categorize his likes and dislikes. He has a theory of mind which includes attributes of good vs. evil.He showed no emotion towards the people who were not in costumes even though they were strangers to him. He paid much more attention to the people who were in costumes and perceived them to be what they were imitating. Matthew distinguished between the clown, puppet, rabbit, pig, ghost and the â€Å"Freddy Kruger† look alike. He had and idea of what was safe and what was not safe, no matter how friendly they were to him. He demonstrated a wide range of emotion and secure attachment to his parents. Bibliography: Kail, V. C. , Cavanaugh, J. C. (2004). Human Development-A Life-Span View Belmont, CA. ; Wadsworth,

My Dream Career Essay

I have a dream seems at first second that is difficult to achieve but with the will and hard work could turn the dream into reality, I want to become the Executive Director of one of the famous companies such as Microsoft. For this job it will be a long and difficult journey. Education: I must be studying in one of the best universities, so I intend to study IT at Bahrain Training Institute. First I will get the Diploma I well study for 2 years then I will get the Higher National Diploma also I will study for 2 years. When I graduate from BTI I will try to get a job to save money to complete my studies. I will study at Al-Ahlia University to get the Bachelor‘s Degree just in one year and Master’s Degree to pass it I have to take a 11 modules (42 credits). There a lot of modules I will take during my studies such as: 1. Programming Techniques 2. Computer Systems 3. Internet Applications and Services 4. Visual Programming 5. Models of Computations and Systems 6. Software Engineering Methods 7. Database Systems: Design and Applications 8. Interactive Systems 9. Networking 10. Software Analysis and Verification 11. Mobile Information and Device programming 12. Information Security 13. Software Project Management 14. Operating Systems 15. Mobile Enterprise Systems 16. Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation 17. Distributed Systems Experience: The experience I will get it when I work in a company during my studies. I will be always hardworking in my job and I will build a relationships with the employees and the company’s directors and owners, and this will help me in the future. I will try to work in more than one company to get a senior positions to be able to reach my dream. Money: There is no doubt that I would need a large sum of money to study, in my studies at BTI I need nearly 600 BD my husband will pay it for me. To study the Bachelor and masters I need nearly 8000 BD. If I could not save enough money to study, I will apply for an educational loan to pay it for my studies and I will repay it from what I get it in my work. Attitude: I don’t have a good communication skills and dealing with others, and I was very shy and not confident in myself a lot, but in my work I improve my communication skills and l learned how to deal with others and my confidence has increased a lot .. After this long and difficult journey in realizing my dream, I hope to see myself as the Executive Director of one of the famous company in the world. Resources: Ahlia University http://www.ahlia.edu.bh/ahliaweb/ BTI – Bahrain Training Institute http://www.bti.com.bh/

Obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Obesity - Research Paper Example The physical disadvantages of being obese are even more severe. The condition significantly lowers life expectancy and is linked to at least 300,000 deaths of in the U.S. alone each year. It also diminishes the quality of life. Obese persons suffer many more types of physical problem than others including bones and joints and the back region. They also are more lethargic than persons who are not obese. Approaching pandemic proportions, obesity is the source of many varied and hazardous health consequences thus understanding the factors that cause the condition and understanding the most feasible treatment options offered are of paramount importance in the fight against this crippling condition. Genetics significantly influences the chances of a person becoming obese. Those who are genetically predisposed to being obese have more difficulty losing weight and sustaining a healthy body mass. Inactivity, overeating and eating foods high in fat content, in addition to socioeconomic and metabolic circumstances, endocrine ailments, diseases, and certain medications can also contribute appreciably to obesity. Some people are just born to be big. Studies have confirmed that about half of overweight kids have parents who are or were overweight. Heredity also plays a role as to where a person carries their excess weight on their body, whether on the hips or belly. A person’s metabolism is a term that describes to how efficiently a persons body uses energy. Hormonal balances and metabolic levels vary widely among individuals. Both factor considerably in controlling weight. â€Å"Recent studies show that levels of ghrelin, a peptide hormone known to regulate appetite, and other peptides in the stomach, play a role in triggering hunger and producing a feeling of fullness† (â€Å"Overview of Obesity†, 2009). Studies have also

Integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Integrity - Essay Example Finally, I saw an empty spot and felt relieved. In a hurry, I parked my car and brought it close to the car on my left hand side but I failed to notice the car on my right hand side. As I moved my car ahead, I hit the car on my right and a large sound was heard. I came out of my car and checked the damage that I had done to the other car. The car was a Ford Explorer and the impact had resulted in barely scratching it. I started wondering about the possible consequences and I felt like running away but my conscious understood that the feeling of guilt would live with me forever. Thus, I decided to take the blame for my act. I stuck a short note on the car and left for my class. When I returned to the parking lot, I faced an infuriated high school student who owned the car. The resident police officer of the school was called and we provided each other with our insurance details. I was worried about what my act would lead to, but deep down I was sure that I had done the right thing. I was taught that integrity is actually performing the right action even when one is not being noticed. My final decision of leaving the note on the Ford even when I knew that no one had seen me hit the car, displayed an act of virtue in my eyes. Thus, I do not only understand the meaning of integrity but I integrate it into my daily life happenings. Speaking for myself, the act that I did was not great but it was the right thing that was to be done to adhere by the principles of ethics and morality. When I sit and think about the incident, I understand that integrity is not only about being faithful to yourself but also about being honest with others. I saw the driver drive out of the parking lot and came to the conclusion that integrity is all about being fair in your dealings. With these beliefs, I have understood that not only has the value of integrity helped me to feel content in my life today, but it will also prove to